【英语语法】现在分词的用法
【英语语法】现在分词的用法,英语培训学校编辑和大家分享什么是现在分词和现在分词的用法,请阅读下文。
分词就是用动词的ting和ted形式,在句子中起形容词和副词的作用,可以充当表语、 补语、定语和状语等。由于其出现频率最高的作用就是作定语和状语。因此,分词可以作为逆化定语从句和状语从句的重要手段。
现在分词有哪几种?
现在分词通常具有主动意义,其可作的成分为:
1.现在分词-用作定语
A.用作前置定语(现在分词作前置定语时常表示正在发生的动作。)
例如:
That is a smiling face in the picture.
This is a sleeping boy.
That is a flying bird.
注:现在分词和动名词做定语的区别:
a swimming fish(一条游泳的鱼,表示正在发生的动作)
a swimming pool(一个游泳池,表示用途)
a sleeping boy(一个睡觉的男孩儿,表示正在发生的动作)
a sleeping car(一列卧车,表示用途)
B.用作后置定语(=定语从句的省略,重点!)
作后置定语时,有时相当于进行时态定语从句的省略,表示动作的进行;有时相当于一般时态定语从句的省略,表示事物的状态。
例如:
a car waiting outside = a car (which is ) waiting outside
the lady sitting next to me= the lady(who is ) sitting next to me
a few children reading in the room = a few children(who are ) reading in the room
a highway leading to the mountain top = a highway(which) leads to the mountain top
brothers sharing trouble and joy = brothers(who ) share trouble and joy
a house belonging to my sister = a house( which ) belongs to my sister
2.现在分词-用作表语(表示名词主语的性质特征,现在已被认可为形容词,通常可译为令人的。)
例如:
The film is very moving.(令人感动的)
The present situation is encouraging.(令人振奋的)
What he told us is greatly shocking.(令人震惊的)
注:现在分词和动名词做表语的区别:
The clown’s performance is amusing.(是现在分词或被理解为形容词:令人发笑的)
The only thing he did in bed was thinking.(是动名词,名词词性但仍为动词词义:思考)
3.现在分词-用作补语(宾补+主补)(常具有正在做之意)
例如:
I saw him rushing out of the room.(宾补)
Can you get the machine going again?(宾补)
I heard the girl singing an English song.(宾补)
He was noticed playing the piano in his room.(主补)
4.现在分词-用作状语(在多数情况下=状语从句的省略,重点!!!)
A. v-ing短语作状语时,可以表示时间、原因、伴随、方式、条件、结果等意义。
例如:
Seeing the teacher entering the classroom,the students stood up.(时间状语)
=(As soon as) they saw the teacher entering the classroom,the students stood up.
【译文】见到老师走进教室,学生们起立致意。
Being a teacher,you should be patient.(原因状语)
=(As) you are a teacher,you should be patient.
【译文】你是老师,应该有耐心。
Turning to the right,you will see the tower on the left.(条件状语)
=(If) you turn to the right,you will see the tower on the left.
【译文】向右转,你就会在你左边看到那座塔。
The children went away laughing and whistling .(伴随状语)
= The children went away,laughed and whistled.(类似于并列关系)
【译文】孩子们走了,有的笑着,有的吹着口哨。
I left home at seven, arriving at my destination in two hours.(结果状语)
=I left home at seven and arrived at my destination in two hours.(类似于并列关系)
【译文】我七点钟离开家,两小时内到达了目的地。
B.v-ing短语的一般时常表示和谓语同时发生或几乎同时发生的动作,而v-ing的完成时常表示先于谓语动词发生的动作。
例如:
Having brushed his teeth,Mr. Brown came downstairs for breakfast.(表示两个动作的先后,作时间状语)
【译文】布朗先生刷完牙,走下楼来吃早餐。
Brushing his teeth,Mr. Brown came downstairs.(表示两个动作的同时发生,作伴随状语)
【译文】布朗先生一边刷牙一边下楼。
C.v-ing短语作状语,其逻辑主语和主句的主语通常是一致的。
试比较:
Playing in the garden,a snake bit me.
【译文】一条蛇在花园里玩耍的时候,把我给咬了。
Playing in the garden,/ was bitten by a snake.
【译文】我在花园里玩耍的时候,被一条蛇咬了。
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