英语语法

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【英语语法】现在分词的用法

【英语语法】现在分词的用法,珠海IBS编辑和大家分享什么是现在分词和现在分词的用法,请阅读下文.

【英语语法】现在分词的用法,英语培训学校编辑和大家分享什么是现在分词和现在分词的用法,请阅读下文。


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分词就是用动词的ting和ted形式,在句子中起形容词和副词的作用,可以充当表语、 补语、定语和状语等。由于其出现频率最高的作用就是作定语和状语。因此,分词可以作为逆化定语从句和状语从句的重要手段。


现在分词有哪几种?

现在分词通常具有主动意义,其可作的成分为:


1.现在分词-用作定语

A.用作前置定语(现在分词作前置定语时常表示正在发生的动作。)

例如:

That is a smiling face in the picture.

This is a sleeping boy.

That is a flying bird.

注:现在分词和动名词做定语的区别:

a swimming fish(一条游泳的鱼,表示正在发生的动作)

a swimming pool(一个游泳池,表示用途)

a sleeping boy(一个睡觉的男孩儿,表示正在发生的动作)

a sleeping car(一列卧车,表示用途)

B.用作后置定语(=定语从句的省略,重点!)

作后置定语时,有时相当于进行时态定语从句的省略,表示动作的进行;有时相当于一般时态定语从句的省略,表示事物的状态。

例如:

a car waiting outside = a car (which is ) waiting outside

the lady sitting next to me= the lady(who is ) sitting next to me

a few children reading in the room = a few children(who are ) reading in the room

a highway leading to the mountain top = a highway(which) leads to the mountain top

brothers sharing trouble and joy = brothers(who ) share trouble and joy

a house belonging to my sister = a house( which ) belongs to my sister


2.现在分词-用作表语(表示名词主语的性质特征,现在已被认可为形容词,通常可译为令人的。)

例如:

The film is very moving.(令人感动的)

The present situation is encouraging.(令人振奋的)

What he told us is greatly shocking.(令人震惊的)

注:现在分词和动名词做表语的区别:

The clown’s performance is amusing.(是现在分词或被理解为形容词:令人发笑的)

The only thing he did in bed was thinking.(是动名词,名词词性但仍为动词词义:思考)


3.现在分词-用作补语(宾补+主补)(常具有正在做之意)

例如:

I saw him rushing out of the room.(宾补)

Can you get the machine going again?(宾补)

I heard the girl singing an English song.(宾补)

He was noticed playing the piano in his room.(主补)


4.现在分词-用作状语(在多数情况下=状语从句的省略,重点!!!)

A. v-ing短语作状语时,可以表示时间、原因、伴随、方式、条件、结果等意义。

例如:

Seeing the teacher entering the classroom,the students stood up.(时间状语)

=(As soon as) they saw the teacher entering the classroom,the students stood up.

【译文】见到老师走进教室,学生们起立致意。


Being a teacher,you should be patient.(原因状语)

=(As) you are a teacher,you should be patient.

【译文】你是老师,应该有耐心。


Turning to the right,you will see the tower on the left.(条件状语)

=(If) you turn to the right,you will see the tower on the left.

【译文】向右转,你就会在你左边看到那座塔。


The children went away laughing and whistling .(伴随状语)

= The children went away,laughed and whistled.(类似于并列关系)

【译文】孩子们走了,有的笑着,有的吹着口哨。


I left home at seven, arriving at my destination in two hours.(结果状语

=I left home at seven and arrived at my destination in two hours.(类似于并列关系)

【译文】我七点钟离开家,两小时内到达了目的地。


B.v-ing短语的一般时常表示和谓语同时发生或几乎同时发生的动作,而v-ing的完成时常表示先于谓语动词发生的动作。

例如:

Having brushed his teeth,Mr. Brown came downstairs for breakfast.(表示两个动作的先后,作时间状语)

【译文】布朗先生刷完牙,走下楼来吃早餐。


Brushing his teeth,Mr. Brown came downstairs.(表示两个动作的同时发生,作伴随状语)

【译文】布朗先生一边刷牙一边下楼。


C.v-ing短语作状语,其逻辑主语和主句的主语通常是一致的。

试比较:

Playing in the garden,a snake bit me.

【译文】一条蛇在花园里玩耍的时候,把我给咬了。 


Playing in the garden,/ was bitten by a snake.

【译文】我在花园里玩耍的时候,被一条蛇咬了。


阅读现在分词的用法的人还阅读:

that引导的定语从句

名词性从句讲解重难点

动词不定式的用法

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