英语语法

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【英语语法】英语常用句型

【英语语法】英语常用句型,珠海IBS英语学校编辑和大家分享英语常用句型,请阅读下文.

【英语语法】英语常用句型,珠海IBS英语学校编辑和大家分享英语常用句型,请阅读下文。


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英语常用句型主要有哪些


常用句型主要指英语中省略、倒装、强调等英语常用句型。掌握词语搭配和掌握英语常用句型是学好英语相辅相成的两个方面。前者是词汇问题,选择常用词语使其形成正确搭配;后者是句法问题,正确安排词序使句子通顺,合乎习惯。这两个方面 对提高考生阅读理解能力和英语写作能力帮助极大。


下面通过详细介绍英语常用句型——省略句和英语常用句型经典句子加以说明!   

  

一、省略句

省略句是英语的一种常见句式。从结构上说,句子应该具备的成分,有时出于 修辞上的需要,在句中并不出现,这种句子就叫做省略句(elliptical sentences)。其 特点是:虽然省去句子语法构造所需要的组成部分,但仍能表达其完整的意义。

省略形式多样,从单词、短语到分句,都可以省略,而且各有一定的衔接关系, 不容臆断。省略不但是一种以无为有的最简便的表达方法,而且也是一种简 便至极、虽无胜有的修辞手段。

1.并列句中某些相同成分(谓语)的省略。

This beeper works well,but that one doesn ’t (work well).

这个寻呼机工作正常,但那个就不行。


I study at college and my sister ( studies) at high school.

我读大学,我妹妹读高中。


2.在when,while,if,as if,though,until,once,whether,unless 等连接的状语从句中,常省略跟主句相同的主语和be动词。

When (I am) in trouble I always turn to her for help.

当我有困难时总是找她帮助。


The letter is to be left here until (it is) called for.

这封信留在这里待领。


3.有形式主语it的主语从句可省略that。

It is an honor (that) I was invited to your birthday party.

我很荣幸被邀请参加你的生日聚会。


It is the third time (that)I have come to China.

这是我第三次来中国。


4.在限制性定语从句中可省略作宾语的关系代词whom,which,that。

That is the naughty boy (whom/that) we talked about last week.

他就是我们上周议论的那个淘气男孩。


Is this the radio (that which) you bought last Saturday?

这是你上周六买的收音机吗?


5.在direction(方向),way (方式),distance (距离),time (时间),times (倍 数)等后面所接的定语从句中常省略that,which,in which。The direction ( in which) we move a body can be changed.我们移动物体的方向是可以改变的。

The distance (which 或 that) light travels in one second is 300000 kilometers. 

光每秒传播的距离是30万公里。


6.省略主语

(1)祈使句、惊叹句、部分第一人称的陈述句、部分问句和答句中省去主语最为常见。

如:

Leave him in peace !不要去打扰他!

Come at one o,clock sharp.准一点钟来。

Listen to me,children !听我讲,孩子们!

Open the door!开门!

Why not?为什么不?

Why so?为什么这样?

Anybody wishing to go?谁愿意去啊?


(2)除祈使句外,还有其他省去主语的情况,如:

Don’t know.我不知道。(省去主语)

Beg your pardon.请原谅。(省去主语)

Had a good time,didn,t you?玩得很好,不是吗?(省去主语you)

Doesn't look too well.他脸色不大好。(省去主语he或she)

Looks like rain.像是要下雨了。(賓去主语it)


(3)Therebe结构中的there有时也可省去.

如:

Must be somebody waiting for you. 一定是有人在等你。

Appears to be a big crowd in the hall.大厅里似乎有一大群人。


(4)在口语中省略主语和连系动词。

如:

How are you?你好吗?

(I am) Fine,thank you.很好,谢谢。


(5)省略状语从句中的主语和连系动词。当状语从句的主语与主句的主语相 同,且状语从句的谓语部分含有连系动词be时,通常可以省略状语从句中的主 语+系动词。

如:

Where (it is) necessary,improvements will be made.

哪儿需要,就在哪儿改进。 


7.用so,not或其他手段来賓略上文或问句中的一部分或整个句子。

Can Emily do this work?埃米莉能做这项工作吗?

I think so.我想她行。

Did you know anything about it?这件事你以前知道吗?

Not until you told me.你告诉了我,我才知道。


8.在特定的上下文里,为了避免重复,作谓语、宾语或宾语补足语的不定式再次出现时,to后的内容常承前省略,只保留不定式符号。

如:

I don't go swimming now but I used to.

我现在不去游泳但我过去常去(游泳)。


You can't work alone in the lab unless you are allowed to.

除非得到允许,你不能单独在实验室工作。

【注】不定式to之后的动詞是l)e或助动詞have时,要保留to后的be或 have。如:

China is no longer what it used to be.中国已今非昔比。

Have you told Allen about the concert?你告诉艾伦音乐会的情况了吗?

Sony,but I ought to have.对不起,我本应该(告诉她的)。


9.新闻标题要求简练醒目,需根据上下文的语境推敲其省略部分。

Boy 14,rescued from cliff face. (A boy of 14 has been rescued from cliff face.) 

从峭壁上救下14岁的男孩。


American President to fly to London. ( American President is to fly to London.)

美国总统将飞往伦敦。


10.注意在一些固定短语中某些介词的省略。

They are (of) the same age.他们年龄相同。

There is no use (in) explaining it to her any more.

再向她解释这件事是无用的。 


11.表示焦虑和担心。

How terrible !太可怕 了 !

It makes me feel worried.这让我感到很着急。

It makes my hair stand on encl.这令我毛骨棟然。

It makes me feel uneasy when I see her.看到她使我感到不自在。

It's a frightening thing to kill so many miners in the accident.

那么多矿工在事故中遇难身亡,真是太可怕了。


I'm really frightened to death to see the snake.看到蛇我下得半死.

He got into a total panic when he saw the drowning child.

看到孩子溺水他慌作一团。

I dare not go out alone at night.晚上我不敢一个人外出。

What';s really scary is that the hurricane has caused so many losses. 

真正令人恐惧的是飓风造成这么大的损失。


12.表语的省略。在口语中,省去表语的情况比较普遍。如Are you ready?你们准备好了吗? Yes,we are (ready).是的,准备好了。

Are you Mr. Smith?你是史密斯先生吗?

Yes,I am(Mr. Smith)•是的,我就是。

Are these your friends?这些人是你的朋友吗?

Yes,they are( my friends).是的,他们是我的朋友。

He's a real man.他是一个真正的人。

Who is (a real man) ?谁?

I think we ’re right.我想我们是对的。

I'm sure we are (right).我想是这样。


_________________________【典型习题】____________________

1.What should I do with this passage?

_______ the main idea of each paragraph.

A. Finding out  B. Found out  C. Find out  D. To find out

【分析】答案选C。很容易误选A或D,误认为这是考查非谓语动词。根据 问句可知,完整的答语应是You should find out,此处是承前省略了 You should,所 以就是Find out。


2. My friend Mary is______beautiful girl and______girl everyone likes to work with.

A. a,a  B.a,the  C.the,a   D.the,the

【分析】此题很容易误选B,认为第一次提到girl用不定冠词,第二次提到就 应该用定冠词。但其实最佳答案是A。句中第二次提到girl时并不是特指的,此 句实为一省略句,补充完整为 My friend Mary is a beautiful girl and she is a girl everyone likes to work with.请再看两遒题(答案选 A):

(1)Jim is ______ brave boy and ______ boy never fearing  anything.

A. a,aB.a,theC.the,a D.the,the


(2)It is really ______ useful dictionary and ______ dictionary every one of us needs.

A. a,aB.a,the  C.the,a   D.the,the


3.What made her struggle to become an artist so hard? __she was  a   woman.

A. /B. WhenC. ThatD. What

【分析】此题最佳答案选C。that用以引导主语从句(此that不可省略),其 后的谓语和宾语等被賓略,若补充完整,即为That she was a woman made her struggle to become an artist so hard.下面两题答案选 A,理由同上:

(1)What made her so happy?______her son passed driving test. 

A. ThatB. / C. Since D. For


(2)What were you trying to prove to the police?______ I was last night.

A. Where B. When C. That D. What


4.If the weather is fine,we'11 go. If______,______.

A. not,not     B.no,no    C. not, no   D.no,not

【分析】此题应选 A。If not,not.为 If the weather is NOT fine,we will NOT go之省略。全句意为如果天气好,我们就去;如果天气不好,我们就不去。


该句的特点是:后句与前句的用词和句式完全相同,只是前句为肯定,后句为否定,为了简洁起见,于是将后句与前句相同部分省略,只保留否定词not.


5. Boris has brains. In fact,I doubt whether anyone in the class has______IQ.

A. a high B. a higher C. the higher D. the highest 

【分析】此题答案为B。此句实为Boris has brains. In fact,I doubt whether anyone in the class has a higher IQ than him 之省略。省略 than him 后不仅句意仍然 清楚,而且显得更为简洁。句意为我怀疑班上有没有哪个人比他智商更高,即我认为他可能是班上智商最高的。请再看以下类似的题目(分析理由同 上,答案均选A):


(1)How beautifully she sings ! I have never heard______voice.

A. a better     B. a best     C. the better     D. the best


(2)I've never found______job.Congratulations. 

A. a better      B. a best      C. the better      D. the best


(3 )What do you think of the service here?Oh,wonderful. We couldn ’t have  found______place.

A.a better      B. a best      C. the better      D. the best


(4) How cold it is ! We,ve never had______day this winter.

A. a colder      B. a cold      C. the coldest      D. the colder


上文列出的全部是英语常用句型省略句经典例题,希望大家可以做到举一反三!


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