非谓语动词作状语讲解

一、非谓语动词有啥用

先看一个句子：

He dropped the vase, and broke it into pieces. 

我们很多人写句子时，对于动词的安排比较随意，本句就很典型。本来想表达他碰掉花瓶导致花瓶摔碎了。（是不是你也这么想？😄）但如果仔细观察，你就会发现第二个动词broke用的是谓语动词，而谓语动词是主语发出的，所以，上面这个句子的意思其实是：他先把花瓶碰掉，然后再把它打碎了。

是不是和原本的想法不一样了？此时就需要非谓语动词了。doing结构可以作结果状语：

所以得到了下面这个句子：

He dropped the vase, breaking it into pieces. 

本句才真正表达了他碰掉花瓶导致花瓶摔碎了。 

二、谁能充当状语

Light travels most quickly.（副词及副词性词组）

He has lived in the city for ten years.（介词短语）

He went there to see her.（不定式短语）

He is in the room making a model plane.（分词短语）

Punished by his father, the boy feels upset. （分词短语）

John will come if he has time. （从句）

Time permitting, I will go there with you. （独立主格）

三、非谓语动词状语展示

需要特别注意的是，非谓语动词作状语时，一般要和句子主语保持逻辑一致：即需要主语和这个动作的关系合理。

如，Seeing from the hill, the village is beautiful. 这个句子里，the  village和see的关系是被动的（村庄不能主动看，而是被看），所以分词只能用表被动的过去分词seen才对：Seen from the hill, the village is beautiful. 

1. Doing ________, SVO

Seeing that he was going to be eliminated from the contest, the man felt extremely disappointed.

现在分词作原因状语

2. Done__________, SV

Punished by his father, the little boy did not want to go home.

过去分词作原因状语

3. Having done_________, SVO

Having written the letter, the girl went out to post it.

现在分词（完成式的现在分词）作时间状语

4. SVO, doing___________.

I dropped the vase, breaking it into pieces.  

现在分词作结果状语，注意此时不考虑和主语的关系

5. To do____________, SVO

To get there on time, we should take the fastest vehicle. 

不定式作目的状语